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Modeling and simulation analysis on parallel hybrid air-fuel vehicle

Pinglu CHEN, Xiaoli YU, Xianghong NIE, Yidong FANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 553-559 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0008-y

摘要： Based on the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR, the model of a parallel air-fuel hybrid vehicle was established, and the modeling of an air powered engine (APE), heat exchanger, braking air tank and control strategy were discussed in detail. Using the vehicle model, a hybrid vehicle refitted from a traditional diesel car was analyzed. The results show that for the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) driving cycle, the total reductions in fossil fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle were 48.29%, 48.51% and 22.07%, respectively, and the emissions could be decreased greatly compared with the traditional diesel car, while the compressed air consumptions of the hybrid vehicle were 97.366, 85.292 and 56.358 kg/100 km, respectively. Using the diesel equivalent as the indicator of fuel economy, the hybrid vehicle could improve the fuel economy by 14.71% and 16.75% for the NEDC and the UDDS driving cycles and decrease by 5.04% for the HWFET driving cycle compared with the traditional car. The simulation model and analysis in this paper could act as the theoretical basis and research platform in optimizing the key components and control strategy of hybrid air-fuel vehicles.

关键词： air powered engine     hybrid vehicle     internal combustion engine     simulation    

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Practicality study on air-powered vehicle

LIU Lin, YU Xiaoli

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 14-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0004-7

摘要： To investigate the feasibility and outlook of air-powered vehicles including compressed air-powered vehicle and liquid nitrogen-powered vehicle, thermodynamic analysis and experiment data were used to analyze the energy density, performance, safety, running efficiency, fuel circulation economy and consumer acceptance, etc. The results show that compressed air and liquid nitrogen have similar energy density as Ni-H battery; the characteristics of an air-powered engine is suitable for driving a vehicle; the circulation efficiency of liquid nitrogen is 3.6%–14% and that of compressed air is 25%–32.3% in practice, and existing technology can assure its safety. It is concluded that though the performance of an air-powered engine is inferior to that of the traditional inert combustion engine, an air-powered vehicle is fit for future green cars to realize the sustainable development of society and environment.
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Engine-driven hybrid air-conditioning system

Chaokui QIN , Hongmei LU , Xiong LIU , Gerhard SCHMITZ ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 109-116 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0003-3

摘要： A hybrid air-conditioning system that combines an engine-driven chiller with desiccant dehumidification was configured and experimentally tested to provide reliable data for energy consumption and operation cost. The engine performance and the desiccant wheel performance were measured and a numeric model previously set up for dehumidification capacity prediction was validated. For a reference building, the results based upon measured data show that under present electricity/gas price ratio, more than 40% of operation cost can be saved by the hybrid system.

关键词： engine-driven chiller     desiccant wheel     hybrid air-conditioning system     energy consumption    

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我国氢动力船舶创新发展研究

童亮,袁裕鹏,李骁,严新平

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 127-139 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.014

摘要：

航运业迅猛发展促使传统船舶的能耗与环境问题日益显现，氢动力船舶作为未来水路交通载运工具的发展方向之一将是实现水路交通领域碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要依托，因而研究我国氢动力船舶创新发展具有迫切性。本文梳理了氢动力船舶的发展现状，从氢动力船舶产业链发展态势、协同发展战略布局的视角完成了氢动力船舶产业布局研判；完成了发展氢动力船舶的技术经济可行性分析，覆盖氢和氨燃料、氢燃料电池、氢内燃机、基础设施、总拥有成本等角度；从氢气制取、氢气运输、大容量储氢、安全加氢、燃料电池、氢内燃机、多能源协同控制、氢应用安全等方面系统展开了氢动力船舶产业链关键环节分析。立足国情提出了我国氢动力船舶多阶段发展目标，论证形成了氢动力船舶发展路线图、氢燃料供应体系建设路径。研究建议，明晰应用场景、突破关键技术、完善配套设施、创新运营体系，以此推动我国氢动力船舶快速优质发展。

关键词： 船舶；氢动力；氢能；燃料电池；内燃机；氢燃料供应体系    

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Design and characteristics of electric supercharger for diesel engine acceleration by additional rapidair injection

YAO Chun-de, ZHOU Hong-xiu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 409-412 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0048-5

摘要： The ES (electric supercharger) driven by a high-speed brushless motor was developed to solve the problem of smoke caused by the turbocharger s sluggish response during acceleration. Its rotation speed was from 6 000 r/min to 24 000 r/min, and the maximum flux was 0.1 kg/s. The structural design of the electric supercharger is novel, which makes it easier to set the lubricating installation and to assemble. The velocity distribution at the outlet of the electric supercharger is determined by hot-wire anemometry under various rotation speeds in steady state. Furthermore, the trends of the flux and charge rate with various speeds were analyzed. In addition, the transient response was detected from the motor setup to smooth running within 10 s, 15 s, 20 s and 25 s respectively, and the characteristic of the transient flux is under pilot study. Research results indicate that the electric supercharger can respond rapidly with the great flux, and it is independent of the operating conditions of a diesel engine. Therefore, it is a feasible way to reduce smoke emission and improve the acceleration performance.

关键词： acceleration     velocity distribution     high-speed brushless     turbocharger     electric supercharger    

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High pressure air spray assistant power supply control strategies and their effects on diesel engine

HAN Yongqiang, LIU Zhongchang, WANG Zhongshu, ZHU Ruoqun

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 295-299 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0042-6

摘要： In order to reduce smoke from direct-injection (DI) turbo-charged and after-cooled (TCA) diesel engines under transient operations, the real-time controlling and measuring system of a high pressure air spray assistant power supply (HPAS) was developed. Effects of HPAS on a DI TCA diesel engine under constant engine speed and increased torque (CSIT) transient operations were studied by using different control strategies. Pre-spray (PS) strategy, which means supplying highly pressurized air into the exhaust manifold two seconds before the accelerating-graph begins to rise and stopping spraying air when the accelerating-graph stops rising. Two other strategies—full-time-spray (FTS) and middle-time-spray (MTS)—were used to fully exploit HPAS potential. With the FTS and MTS strategies, the HPAS system can remarkably decrease smoke from DI TCA diesel engines under transient operations.

关键词： different     after-cooled     real-time controlling     CSIT     supply    

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一种高效的二冲程发动机概念——结合空气混合动力系统的增压 直流扫气式直喷汽油（BUSDIG）发动机 Review

王新颜, 赵华

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 535-547 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.008

摘要：

本研究提出并设计了一种新颖的二冲程增压直流扫气式直喷汽油（BUSDIG）发动机，以实现发动机小型化和低速化，进而提升发动机的性能和效率。本文综述了BUSDIG 发动机的设计和开发过程，并总结了主要的研究成果。为了最大限度地提高发动机的扫气性能，并实现合理的缸内流动以促进燃油/ 空气的混合过程，本研究采用三维（3D）计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟手段系统分析了发动机缸径/ 冲程比（B/S）、扫气道角度和进气道的设计。此外，本研究还系统分析了扫气口和排气门开启型线对扫气过程的影响。为实现最佳的缸内燃油分层，采用经过实验标定的Reize-Diwakar模型开展了缸内喷雾的CFD 模拟，系统分析了不同喷油策略对缸内混合气形成过程的影响。基于优化后的BUSDIG 发动机设计方案，在Ricardo WAVE 软件中构建了对应的一维（1D）发动机计算模型。计算结果表明，采用稀薄燃烧和喷水策略，二冲程BUSDIG发动机的最高有效热效率可达47.2%。在化学计量燃空当量比条件下，BUSDIG 发动机在1600 r∙min–1 的转速下可实现379 N∙m 的扭矩，在4000 r∙min–1 的转速下可达到112 kW∙L–1 的功率密度。

关键词： 二冲程发动机     直流扫气     发动机设计     发动机模拟     扫气性能     热效率    

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“高效两冲程发动机概念的更正：具有空气混合动力功能的增压单流扫气直喷汽油（BUSDIG）发动机” [工程5（2019）535–547]

Xinyan Wang, Hua Zhao

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期   页码 979-979 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.004

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氢能列车投入运营

Chris Palmer

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第11卷 第4期   页码 9-11 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.003

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Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 483-493 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0631-1

摘要： Liquefied natural gas (LNG), mainly composed of methane, is in progress to substitute diesel fuel in heavy-duty marine engine for practical, economic, and environmental considerations. However, natural gas is relatively difficult to be ignited in a large bore combustion chamber. A combustion enhancement technique called pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can permit combustion and flame propagation in a large-bore volume. To investigate the effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure on pre-chamber TJI of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore volume, experimental tests and computational simulations were implemented to study the discharge of hot turbulent jets from six orifices of the pre-chamber. Different initial pressures and air-fuel equivalence ratios were considered to analyze the characteristics of TJI. The asymmetry of the turbulent jet actuated from six different orifices were found due to the asymmetric orientation of the spark plug, resulting in the inhomogeneous distribution of combustion in the constant volume chamber, which should be considered seriously in the marine engine design. Besides, as the premixed pressure increases, it has more effect on the flame propagation and plays a more important role, as it further increases.

关键词： marine engine     natural gas     methane     turbulent jet ignition (TJI)     pre-chamber    

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Self-powered structural health monitoring with nonlinear energy harvesting system

Kaori YUSE, Michael LALLART, Lionel PETIT, Claude RICHARD, Thomas MONNIER, Daniel GUYOMAR,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 61-66 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0057-2

摘要： The present paper describes the application of the fully self-powered structural health monitoring (SHM). Based on the nonlinear process of microgenerators that directly convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, using the synchronized switch harvesting (SSH) method developed in our laboratory, the nonwired SHM system is equipped. The system is separated into two parts. One is an autonomous wireless transmitter (AWT), its mass is 28.9 g, and it generates a radio frequency (RF) signal and a Lamb waveform as a damage index signal. Another part is these receivers, called autonomous wireless receiver (AWR), and its weight is of 67.6 g. A preliminary design of the device using shelf electronics and surface mounted piezoelectric patches is presented. The energy balance shows that more than enough energy to operate these processes can be obtained within 10 s (when around 50 Hz and more than 2 MPa of the stress level). Some different damage index measurements of SHM are finally discussed.

关键词： energy harvesting     piezoelectric generators     electromechanical conversion     self-powered devices     structural health monitoring (SHM)     wireless    

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Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect utilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0200-3

摘要： With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, aircraft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid (HPG), human-powered charger (HPC) and human-powered storage (HPS), among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

关键词： human energy harvesting     human-powered transportation     human-powered home appliances     human-powered grid (HPG)     human-powered charger (HPC)     human-powered storage (HPS)     biofuel    

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Design and modeling of a free-piston engine generator

《能源前沿（英文）》   页码 811-821 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0848-2

摘要： Free-piston engine generators (FPEGs) can be applied as decarbonized range extenders for electric vehicles because of their high thermal efficiency, low friction loss, and ultimate fuel flexibility. In this paper, a parameter-decoupling approach is proposed to model the design of an FPEG. The parameter-decoupling approach first divides the FPEG into three parts: a two-stroke engine, an integrated scavenging pump, and a linear permanent magnet synchronous machine (LPMSM). Then, each of these is designed according to predefined specifications and performance targets. Using this decoupling approach, a numerical model of the FPEG, including the three aforementioned parts, was developed. Empirical equations were adopted to design the engine and scavenging pump, while special considerations were applied for the LPMSM. A finite element model with a multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted for its design. The finite element model results were fed back to the numerical model to update the LPMSM with increased fidelity. The designed FPEG produced 10.2 kW of electric power with an overall system efficiency of 38.5% in a stable manner. The model provides a solid foundation for the manufacturing of related FPEG prototypes.

关键词： free-piston engine generator     linear permanent magnet synchronous machine     system design     numerical model     finite element method    

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Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0881-9

摘要： Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen. Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima, considerable efforts have been made in this research area. Among various materials developed, Ga(X)N/Si (X = In, Ge, Mg, etc.) nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight. This paper introduces the characteristics, properties, and growth/synthesis/fabrication methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture, primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel. In addition, it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.

关键词： Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture     artificial photosynthesis     water splitting     solar toward hydrogen    

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Wearable thermal energy harvester powered by human foot

Guodong XU, Yang YANG, Yixin ZHOU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 26-38 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0215-9

摘要： With explosive applications of many advanced mobile electronic devices, a pervasive energy system with long term sustainability becomes increasingly important. Among the many efforts ever tried, human power is rather unique due to its independence of weather or geographical conditions and is therefore becoming a research focus. This paper is dedicated to demonstrate the possibility and feasibility of harvesting thermal energy from human body by sandwiching a thermoelectric generator (TEG) between human shoe bottom and ground, aiming to power a portable electronic device. Through the conceptual experiments conducted on adults, a maximum 3.99 mW steady state power output at a ground temperature with 273 K is obtained, which is sufficient enough to drive a lot of micro-electronic devices. Also, parametric simulations are performed to systematically clarify the factors influencing the TEG working performance. To further reveal the mechanism of this power generation modality, analytical solutions to the coupled temperature distributions for human foot and TEG module are obtained and the correlation between TEG characteristics and the output power are studied. It was demonstrated that, the TEG working as a wearable power resource by utilizing thermal energy of human foot shows enormous potential and practical values either under normal or extreme conditions.

关键词： human power     thermal energy     energy harvesting     micro power     wearable device    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modeling and simulation analysis on parallel hybrid air-fuel vehicle

Pinglu CHEN, Xiaoli YU, Xianghong NIE, Yidong FANG

期刊论文

Practicality study on air-powered vehicle

LIU Lin, YU Xiaoli

期刊论文

Engine-driven hybrid air-conditioning system

Chaokui QIN , Hongmei LU , Xiong LIU , Gerhard SCHMITZ ,

期刊论文

我国氢动力船舶创新发展研究

童亮,袁裕鹏,李骁,严新平

期刊论文

Design and characteristics of electric supercharger for diesel engine acceleration by additional rapidair injection

YAO Chun-de, ZHOU Hong-xiu

期刊论文

High pressure air spray assistant power supply control strategies and their effects on diesel engine

HAN Yongqiang, LIU Zhongchang, WANG Zhongshu, ZHU Ruoqun

期刊论文

一种高效的二冲程发动机概念——结合空气混合动力系统的增压 直流扫气式直喷汽油（BUSDIG）发动机

王新颜, 赵华

期刊论文

“高效两冲程发动机概念的更正：具有空气混合动力功能的增压单流扫气直喷汽油（BUSDIG）发动机” [工程5（2019）535–547]

Xinyan Wang, Hua Zhao

期刊论文

氢能列车投入运营

Chris Palmer

期刊论文

Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

期刊论文

Self-powered structural health monitoring with nonlinear energy harvesting system

Kaori YUSE, Michael LALLART, Lionel PETIT, Claude RICHARD, Thomas MONNIER, Daniel GUYOMAR,

期刊论文

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect utilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Design and modeling of a free-piston engine generator

期刊论文

Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

期刊论文

Wearable thermal energy harvester powered by human foot

Guodong XU, Yang YANG, Yixin ZHOU, Jing LIU

期刊论文